Rice Freshwater Cultured
Freshwater Pearl Earrings
The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes of pearls (baroque pearls) occur. The finest quality natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries, and because of this, the word pearl has become a metaphor for something very rare, fine, admirable, and valuable.
Valuable pearls occur in the wild, but they are very rare. Cultured or farmed pearls from pearl oysters make up the majority of those that are currently sold. Pearls from the sea are valued more highly than Freshwater Pearl Earring. Imitation or fake pearls are also widely sold in inexpensive jewelry, but the quality of their iridescence is usually very poor – and generally speaking, artificial pearls are easily distinguished from genuine pearls. Pearls have been harvested and cultivated primarily for use in jewelry, but in the past they were also stitched onto lavish clothing. Pearls have also been crushed and used in cosmetics, medicines, or in paint formulations.
Freshwater Pearl are a kind of pearl that comes from freshwater mussels. They are produced in Japan and the United States on a limited scale, but are now almost exclusive to China. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission requires that freshwater pearl be referred to as “freshwater cultured pearls” in commerce.
Almost any shelled mollusk can, by natural processes, produce some kind of “pearl” when an irritating microscopic object becomes trapped within the mollusk’s mantle folds, but the great majority of these “pearls” are not valued as gemstones. Nacreous pearls, the best-known and most commercially-significant pearls, are primarily produced by two groups of molluscan bivalves or clams. A nacreous pearl is made from layers of nacre, by the same living process as is used in the secretion of the mother of pearl which lines the shell.
Freshwater Pearl Earring harvests are typically bought while still in the shell. After harvest the pearls are delivered to a first-stage factory, which is responsible for cleaning and sorting the pearls by size and shape. After this process has been completed, the pearls are considered ready material for processing factories. These smaller factories perform the treatments [2] that are nearly universal to all freshwater pearls. The pearls are pre-treated (maeshori) in a warm and cold chemical solution and then bleached. The pearls that exhibit strong coloration will only go through the maeshori.
he grafting process begins by choosing a suitable donor mussel and cutting a strip of tissue from the mantle. This strip of tissue is then cut into three-millimetre squares. These squares are delivered to a technician who performs the operation. Unlike saltwater bead nucleation, this process is not considered difficult, and technicians need only minimum training to perform the operation. The technician creates small incisions on the upper valve, and inserts the tissue piece. A small twist of the tissue upon insertion is believed to create a higher ratio of round pearls. After the maximum number of grafts have been performed, the mussel is flipped, and the procedure is performed once again on the other valve of the shell.
Although the Japanese Freshwater Pearl Earring industry has nearly ceased to exist, it holds special historic value as the first country to cultivate whole freshwater pearls in Lake Biwa, using the Biwa pearly mussel (Hyriopsis schlegeli). The industry attempted a comeback with a mussel hybrid (Hyriopsis schlegeli/Hyriopsis cumingi) in Lake Kasumigaura in the last decade, but this venture also met with failure, with production ceasing in 2006. The pearl farm in Tennessee also holds special historic value as it is the only freshwater pearl outside of Asia, founded by the late John Latendresse, it continues as a tourist attraction. Today China is the only commercial producer of freshwater pearls, producing 1500 tons (2005) using the triangle shell mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) and several hybrids that have shown heterosis from several mussel species.
Chinese freshwater mussels were once grafted up to 50 times per shell, or 25 times per valve. This practice was common when the industry mussel was primarily the cockscomb pearl mussel (Cristaria plicata). This mussel produced a high volume of low-quality pearls that came to be known as “Rice Krispie pearls” in the 1970s and 1980s. More than a decade ago the freshwater pearl industry of China shifted production from the cockscomb pearl mussel to the triangle shell mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). The triangle shell produced fewer pearls, accepting only 12-16 grafts per valve for a total production of 24 to 32 pearls, but produced pearls of better quality.
About the Author
I am Mohan read mathematics at Stanford and remained there for his MS. From 1998-1999 on researched in Evolution and in Animal Behavior in Camrbidge, UK. I was was then a professor in the departments of Anthropology and Biology, New Jersy College, USA. Now teaches at the department of Zoology. Carried out research in several areas of evolutionary biology, particularly in sexual selection and the comparative method.
Cultured Freshwater Peacock Pearl 68 Necklace
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50″10mm gray rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $9.99 |
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50″ 11MM WHITE RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $28.00 |
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14K Yellow Gold Slide Pendant Diamond 8-8.5mm Cultured Freshwater Rice Pearl $94.20 |
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32″ 12mm lavender rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $14.99 |
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5-6MM FRESHWATER CULTURED RICE PEARL LOOSE BEADS $4.49 |
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Pretty chunky Cultured Freshwater White large Rice Pearl two strand bracelet $48.60 |
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Pretty chunky Cultured Freshwater White large Rice Pearl two strand bracelet $48.60 |
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Pretty chunky Cultured Freshwater White large Rice Pearl two strand bracelet $48.60 |
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Pretty chunky Cultured Freshwater White large Rice Pearl two strand bracelet $48.60 |
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Pretty chunky Cultured Freshwater White large Rice Pearl two strand bracelet $48.60 |
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2ROW 16MM WHITE RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL BRACELET $25.00 |
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*70″ 4.5-5mm Oval Natural Multi-Color Cultured Freshwater Rice Pearl Strand $44.76 |
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*Six-Foot 8-8.5mm White Cultured Freshwater Rice Pearl Strand Necklace $142.65 |
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Unique Chunky Cultured Freshwater Gold Rice Pearl four strand chunky bracelet $45.46 |
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HUGE 17″ 17MM WHITE RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $19.99 |
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Cultured Freshwater Rice Pearls, Crystal Beads Necklace $39.95 |
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WHITE PINK PURPLE MULTICOLOR OVAL RICE SHAPE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACE $9.99 |
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51″ 7-9mm Coffee Rice Cultured Freshwater Pearl Strand Necklace Dyed Color $3.25 |
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6-7mm Purple Cultured Freshwater Pearl Rice Loose Beads $4.94 |
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51″ 7-9mm Coffee Rice Cultured Freshwater Pearl Strand Necklace $3.54 |
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50″10mm gray rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $9.99 |
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5x7MM COFFEE COLOR OVAL/RICE SHAPE GENUINE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACE $9.99 |
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Copper (Dyed) Cultured Freshwater 6-7mm Rice Pearls 15″ Strand NP224f $8.46 |
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17″ HIGH LUSTER BLACK OVAL RICE SHAPE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL BEAD NECKLACE $9.99 |
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BRIGHT GREEN 7-8mm Cultured Freshwater Top-Drilled Rice Pearl Beads 14″ NP243L2 $6.16 |
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LIGHT CREAM 7-8mm Cultured Freshwater Top-Drilled Rice Pearl Beads 14″ NP244L2 $5.91 |
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PEACOCK GREY 7-8mm Cultured Freshwater Top-Drilled Rice Pearl Beads 14″ NP245L2 $5.99 |
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BRONZED BROWN 7-8mm Cultured Freshwater Top-Drilled Rice Pearl Beads 14″ NP246L2 $6.16 |
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17″ 10MM GRAY RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $9.99 |
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17″ 10MM WHITE RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $4.99 |
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18″ 16MM BLACK RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $4.99 |
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18″ 16mm gray rice screw freshwater cultured pearl necklace $14.99 |
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ORANGE RICE SHAPE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACE $8.16 |
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Cultured light olive color fresh water rice shape 8 mm x 6 mm pearl strand 16″ $12.00 |
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Long 84″ 13mm gray rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $34.99 |
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32″ 14mm rice white Freshwater cultured pearl necklace $23.00 |
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34″ 13mm rice gray Freshwater cultured pearl necklace $28.00 |
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3row 8″ 13mm rice gray Freshwater cultured pearl bracelet $25.00 |
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WHITE 5-6mm Top-Drilled Flat-Sided Cultured Freshwater Rice Pearl Bead 16″ NP259 $5.10 |
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ANTIQUED ROSE 6×4-10×5 Top-Drilled Cultured Freshwater Rice Pearl Bead 15″ NP261 $5.10 |
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30mm black rice freshwater cultured pearl jade grape pendant $5.00 |
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30mm lavender rice freshwater cultured pearl jade grape pendant $5.00 |
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30mm white rice freshwater cultured pearl jade grape pendant $5.00 |
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46″ 16MM BLACK RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $26.00 |
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Classic freshwater cultured rice white pearl necklace $15.00 |
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Long 80″ 13mm white rice freshwater pearl cultured necklace $35.00 |
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17″15mm baroque rice white freshwater cultured pearl necklace $9.99 |
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14.5inch 8X5mm Rice Freshwater Cultured Pearl Beads $9.85 |
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3 Strands Cultured Platinum Freshwater Pearl 5-6mm Rice Shaped Beads $11.20 |
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17″ HIGH LUSTER BLACK OVAL RICE SHAPE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL BEAD NECKLACE $2.90 |
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7-8mm Freshwater Cultured Pearl Rice Loose Beads Sale $5.99 |
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Deluxe Freshwater Cultured White Rice Pearl Weave Ball Bracelet Magnet Clasp 8″ $14.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Chain Necklace 17-19″ Peacock Black $5.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Chain Necklace 17-19″ White $5.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Chain Necklace 17-19″ Purple $5.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Chain Necklace 17-19″ Pink $5.99 |
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17″ 14mm coffee rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $22.00 |
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GENUINE RICE SHAPE 10-11MM LAVENDER COLOR CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACE $4.99 |
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GENUINE RICE SHAPE 10-11MM SILVER GRAY COLOR CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACE $5.00 |
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4ROW 7MM yellow RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $18.00 |
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4ROW 7MM yellow RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL BRACELET $12.00 |
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50″10mm white rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $14.99 |
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5-6mm multi-color rice shape cultured freshwater pearls necklace gift $120 $14.99 |
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5-6mm lavender rice shape cultured freshwater pearls necklace retail $88 $9.99 |
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Long 100″ 13mm gray rice Freshwater cultured pearl necklace $35.00 |
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17″ 16mm gray rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $25.00 |
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6row 8″ 9mm pink white rice freshwater cultured pearl bracelet $15.00 |
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18″ 16mm gray rice screw freshwater cultured pearl necklace $19.99 |
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7–8mm Yellow Freshwater Cultured Rice Pearl Beads Str $3.49 |
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60″ 6-7mm White Rice Cultured Freshwater Pearl Necklace No Clasp $21.00 |
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MULTI STRAND RICE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACES $11.00 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl White Chain Necklace 17-19″ $5.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Purple Chain Necklace 17-19″ $5.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Peacock Black Chain Necklace 17-19″ $5.99 |
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Freshwater Cultured Tear Drop Rice Pearl Pink Chain Necklace 17-19″ $5.99 |
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7.5 INCHES BIG 10*12MM RICE SHAPE WHITE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL BRACELET $3.80 |
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Orange Cultured Rice Freshwater Pearls Loose Beads 8mm $5.49 |
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Yellow Cultured Rice Freshwater Pearls Loose Beads 8mm $5.49 |
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Sky Blue Cultured Rice Freshwater Pearl Loose Beads 8mm $5.49 |
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Pink Cultured Rice Freshwater Pearl Loose Beads 5-6mm $4.49 |
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6X7 WHITE RICE SHAPE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL NECKLACE $9.99 |
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60″ LONG PINK COLOR RICE BAROQUE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL BEAD NECKLACE $24.99 |
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White Cultured Rice Freshwater Pearls Loose Beads 15″L $4.49 |
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4-5mm Green Cultured Rice Freshwater Pearl Loose Beads $4.19 |
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50″ 13mm rice black Freshwater cultured pearl necklace $28.00 |
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4row 20″ 25mm gray biwa dens rice Freshwater cultured pearl necklace $26.00 |
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3row 21″ 11mm gray rice Freshwater cultured pearl necklace $28.00 |
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Cultured pastel green fresh water rice shape 7.5 mm x 5.5 mm pearl strand 16″ $12.00 |
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Cultured white color fresh water rice shape 4.5 mm x.3 mm pearl strand 16 1/2″ $10.00 |
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17″ 16mm white rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $18.00 |
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3row 14mm white rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $28.00 |
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80″ 14mm gray rice freshwater cultured pearl necklace $38.00 |
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HUGE 17″ 17mm multicolor rice FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE MAGNET $30.00 |
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4row 8″ 7mm baroque black rice Freshwater cultured pearl bracelet $15.00 |
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17″ 10MM WHITE RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $15.00 |
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Deluxe Freshwater Cultured White Rice Pearl Weave Ball Magnet Clasp Necklace 32″ $49.99 |
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8-9mm Gray Cultured Freshwater Pearl Rice Loose Beads 14″L $4.99 |
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17″ HIGH LUSTER BLACK OVAL RICE SHAPE CULTURED FRESHWATER PEARL BEAD NECKLACE $26.21 |
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2ROW 13MM BLACK RICE FRESHWATER CULTURED PEARL NECKLACE $28.00 |
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18″ 16mm gray rice screw freshwater cultured pearl necklace $22.00 |
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6mm Freshwater Cultured Pearl Stud Earrings $49 6mm Freshwater Cultured Pearl Stud Earrings |
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18in White Freshwater Potato Rice Pearl Necklace $69.95 18in White Freshwater Potato & Rice Pearl Necklace. |
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Cultured Freshwater Pearl Watch $69.99 Lavished with cultured freshwater pearls, this exquisite watch is a best-dressed choice dazzled by crystal accents ’round a shining mother-of-pearl face. Quartz movement. Adjustable 7 1/2″ to 8 1/2″ length. Silvertone metal. Watch comes with a warranty. Express delivery not available. Shipped directly from the manufacturer; please allow additional shipping time. |
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Cultured Freshwater Pearl and Diamond Necklace $1049 This magnificent necklace features potato shape cultured freshwater pearls accented by round cut diamonds set in 14k yellow gold Set with regal style this necklace is a great addition to any collection and is sure to turn heads |
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Sterling Silver Cultured Freshwater Pearl Drop Earrings $37.5 Sterling Silver Cultured Freshwater Pearl Drop Earrings This is a must have for any freshwater pearl jewelry collection. Elegant white freshwater pearl earrings crafted from quality .925 sterling silver. Specifications: .925 Sterling Silver, 8.5mm Freshwater Pearls, Fish Hook Earrings Genuine Freshwater Pearl Jewelry |
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Freshwater Keshi White Cultured Pearl Earrings $29.32 Freshwater Keshi White Cultured Pearl Earrings A classic and perfect accent for any look; cultured pearl earrings. Sterling silver french earwire for pierced ears. Specifications: .925 Sterling Silver, Semi-Polished, Keshi Freshwater Cultured Pearls, 1.61 DWT ( 2.50 grams) |
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Freshwater Keshi Multi Cultured Pearl Earrings $25 Freshwater Keshi Multi Cultured Pearl Earrings A classic and perfect accent for any look; cultured pearl earrings. Sterling silver french earwire for pierced ears. Specifications: .925 Sterling Silver, Semi-Polished, Keshi Freshwater Cultured Pearls, 1.61 DWT ( 2.50 grams) |
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Freshwater Cultured Pearl 7mm Dangle Earrings $352.91 Freshwater Cultured Pearl 7mm Dangle Earrings These must have freshwater pearl earrings crafted with 14K white/yellow gold earrings are sure to make heads turn. Specifications: 14K White and Yellow Gold, Polished, 7mm Freshwater Cultured Pearl, 1.77 DWT ( 2.75 grams) Pearl Pierced Earrings |
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9mm Chocolate Freshwater Cultured Pearl Stud Earrings $58.95 9mm Chocolate Freshwater Cultured Pearl Stud Earrings Freshwater Dyed Chocolate Cultured Pearl Earrings. 14-karat gold pearl stud earrings for pierced ears. These freshwater pearl stud earrings are a timeless addition to any jewelry collection. 9mm Standard half drilled cultured pearls. Specifications: 14K Yellow Gold, 9mm Freshwater Pearls, Dyed |
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Freshwater Cultured Pearl Flower Earrings $119 5.5-6mm freshwater pearl/diamond flower earrings. Set in sterling silver. |
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Freshwater Cultured Pearl Flower Ring $119 6.5-7mm freshwater pearl/diamond flower ring. Set in sterling silver. |
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Cultured Freshwater Pearl and White Sapphire Ring $129 This amazing ring features an 8 85mm cultured freshwater pearl accented by round cut white sapphires in a bypass setting of sleek sterling silver |
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Cultured Freshwater Pearl with Black and White Diamond Ring $349 This amazing ring features an 8 85mm cultured freshwater pearl accented by 20ctw of round cut white and black diamonds in a swirl setting of sleek sterling silver |
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Aquarella Freshwater Cultured Pearl Tourmalinated Quartz Earrings $414.9 Aquarella Freshwater Cultured Pearl Tourmalinated Quartz Earrings Add a touch of class to any look with these classic freshwater pearl earrings. These sterling silver earrings are accented with genuine Quartz and freshwater pearls for an elegant look. Sterling silver Quartz earrings. Specifications: .925 Sterling Silver, Polished, 10mm AA Quality Round Cab Genuine Tourmalinated Quartz, 11mm Freshwater Cultured Pearls, 2.718 DWT ( 4.23 grams) Pearl Pierced Earrings |
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Sterling Silver Freshwater Cultured Pearl Dangle Earrings $92.67 Sterling Silver Freshwater Cultured Pearl Dangle Earrings Intensify your look with these freshwater pearl dangle earrings. These sterling silver pearl earrings are fashioned with 14K yellow gold for the perfect finishing touch. Specifications: .925 Sterling Silver, Polished, 8mm Freshwater Cultured Pearls, Solid 14K Yellow Gold, 4.57 DWT ( 7.11 grams) Pearl Pierced Earrings |
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Sterling Silver Gold Freshwater Cultured Pearl Earrings $151.25 Sterling Silver Gold Freshwater Cultured Pearl Earrings Intensify your look with these freshwater pearl earrings. These sterling silver pearl earrings are fashioned with 14K yellow gold for the perfect finishing touch. Specifications: .925 Sterling Silver, Polished, 7mm Freshwater Cultured Pearl, Solid 14K Yellow Gold, 2.51 DWT ( 3.90 grams) Pearl Pierced Earrings |
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Cultured Freshwater Pearl & Glazed Crystal Bracelet 8198 $61.5 This gorgeous 3 row Cultured Freshwater Pearl & Glazed Crystal Bracelet measures 7 The bracelet is perfect for a beach wedding or a special destination occasion This piece could be worn again and again and always be stunning |
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Freshwater Cultured Chocolate Pearl Earrings with posts $132 Freshwater Cultured Chocolate Pearl Earrings with posts is available from jewelbasket.com for only $90.00. Buy now and save. Jewelbasket offers the best value on Chocolate Pearl Jewelry, jewelry and gifts. |
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14k Blue Topaz Cultured Freshwater Pearl Earrings $995 14k Blue Topaz Cultured Freshwater Pearl Earrings is available from jewelbasket.com for only $567.00. Buy now and save. Jewelbasket offers the best value on Gold Earrings, jewelry and gifts. |
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18in 5-5.5mm Freshwater Rice White Pearl Necklace w/Metal Clasp $19.95 18in 5-5.5mm Freshwater Rice White Pearl Necklace w/Metal Clasp. |